North and South Korea -- Page 6

Demography of North Korea

The estimated population of North Korea (1992) is 22,227,303. The population density is greatest in the plains along the western coast. The population is growing rapidly due to a high birthrate accompanied by a low death rate. Despite this natural increase, however, North Korea experiences a severe labor shortage, partly because of heavy casualties during the Korean War and also because of the migration of more than 3 million persons from North to South Korea since 1948. The population is more urban than rural, and urban migration continues. The largest cities are Pyongyang (the capital), Kaesong, Chongjin, and Hungnam.

Demography of South Korea

The estimated population of South Korea (1992) is 44,149,199, and it therefore ranks among the world's most densely populated nations. As in North Korea, the lowlands along the western coast are the most densely populated areas. Although the overall rate of population growth has slowed, South Korea is experiencing urban growth. The largest cities are Seoul, Pusan, Taegu, Inchon (Seoul's port), Kwangju, and Taejon.

Education and Health in North Korea

Nearly 100% of those reaching school age since 1948 are literate. Education is free and compulsory for all students between the ages of 5 and 16, and about 20% pursue higher education. The largest institution of higher learning is Kim Il Sung University (1946) in Pyongyang. Free medical treatment is available, and paramedics supplement the care provided by physicians.

Education and Health in South Korea

Elementary education is free and compulsory for all students between the ages of 6 and 11, and 100% of this age group is enrolled in school. More than 75% of all children also attend secondary school. Opportunities for higher education have been greatly expanded since 1948; Seoul National University (1946) is the leading institution of higher learning. Health care has improved dramatically since 1948, with a consequent increase in life expectancy at birth. Traditional medical treatment, using herbs and acupuncture, now complements Western medicine.