"Our signal communication was not up to standard. For example' it took more than two days to receive instructions from higher-level units. Rapid changes of the enemy's situation and the slow motion of our signal communication caused us to lose our opportunities in combat and made the instructions of the higher level units ineffective."

"We succeeded in the separation and encirclement of the enemy, but we failed to annihilate the enemy one by one. The units failed to carry out the orders of the higher echelon. For example, the failure to annihilate the enemy at Yudam-ni made it impossible to annihilate the enemy at Hagaru. The higher level units' refusal of the lower level units' suggestion of rapidly starting the combat and exterminating the enemy one by one gave the enemy a chance to break out from the encirclement."

The 20th Army had a hundred deaths from tetanus caused by improper care of wounds. Hundreds of others were incapacitated by typhus or ailments of malnutrition and indigestion.